THE AVERAGE SUMMER VERTICAL CIRCULATION TO THE SOUTH OF 45°N OF NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND ITS ROLATION TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF HEAT SOURCES AND SINKS IN THE ATMOSPHERE

By using the data of the wind field of the upper climatic maps of northern hemisphere published by Central Meteorological Bureau, the average summer vertical motion at the verious standard layers to the south of 45°N has been calculated. The characteristics of the mean meridional and zonal circulation in various regions were analyzed and compared with the distribution of heat sources and sinks in the atmosphere. It is shown that the main contributions to the formation of the mean Hadley and Ferrel circulation come from Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This may be attributed to the fact that over the two oceans there are heat sources in low latitudes and sinks to its north. It is also shown that there are two main ascending regions and two main descending regions to the south of 30°N. From these, the general features of the zonal vertical circulation are described. Finaly, in this paper, the influnce of ascending currents over Tsinghai-Tibetan plateau on the remote regions to the east, west, south and north of plateau is also discussed.