The sea-land characteristics of deep convections and convective overshootings over China sea and surrounding areas based on the CloudSat and FY-2E datasets

Deep convection plays an important role in affecting the constituents and energy budget of the troposphere. It also brings severe weather like torrential rain, lightning and hail, which has various impacts on human society. Land-sea distributions, characteristics of infrared brightness temperature (BT) and properties of convective system (CS) with convective overshooting (CO) and deep convection without CO (DCwo) in China are analyzed based on the CloudSat/CALIPSO and FY-2E datasets. Properties of CS, i.e., the area of CS, the area of convective cluster (CC), the convective fraction, the eccentricity, the minimum BT and the average gradient of BT are evaluated. The results indicate that lower BT in cloud top and higher radar reflectivity in the vertical are detected in CO compared to that detected in DCwo. The frequency of CO or DCwo is higher over the sea and the low latitudes as well as in the summer. At the same time, the biggest difference in the frequency of CO/DCwo between the land and the sea is found in the winter. The BT of cloud top over the sea and for CO are lower than that over the land and for DCwo, respectively. The distribution interval of CO is more concentrated than that of DCwo. The frequency of CS or CC decreases with the increase of area. Bigger CS or CC is more likely to occur in CO and over the sea. The value of convective fraction is higher over the sea than over the land. The occurrence of eccentricity of CS larger than 0.5, which implies a circular shape of the CS, is more frequent. Compared to that over the land, this phenomenon is more obvious over the sea. The concentrated distribution interval of minimum BT is 190-195 K in CO and over the sea, which is smaller than that in DCwo. The concentrated distribution interval of average gradient of BT is below 0.1 K/km.