A comprehensive meteorological observation platform for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games over the Haitou mountain: Configuration, application, and development

Meteorological conditions and support are important for the success of the Winter Olympic Games. The competition area is located at the Haituo mountain, where the terrain is complex with steep slopes and large vertical drop. Such a complex terrain makes it difficult to carry out observations. The lack of meteorological data becomes a key factor that limits the reliability of fine forecasts over the competition area, and poses a serious challenge for the Winter Olympic Games meteorological service. Beijing Meteorological Bureau organized and conducted multi-scale integrated meteorological observations at the Haituo mountain. These observations cover mesoscale, small scale and microscale with the aim of observing three-dimensional winds, temperature, humidity, cloud, visibility, surface turbulence, radiation, and so on. The comprehensive observations will improve our understanding of characteristics and mechanism of high-impact weather events in complex mountainous areas and provide data for improving the forecasting model. This paper systematically introduces the scientific objectives, observation layout, observation contents and preliminary observation and analysis results of the integrated meteorological observation system at the Haituo mountain, and expounds the further research plan.