Anti-phase relation of water vapor mass between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres in CMIP6 models：Differences under different greenhouse gas emission scenarios

Changes in water vapor mass can obviously counteract seasonal changes of the interhemispheric oscillation. In the present paper, the outputs of CMIP6 models from January 2015 to December 2100 are used to analyze seasonal cycle characteristics of water vapor mass under four greenhouse gas emission scenarios and compare with the historical run from 1958 to 2015. It is found that the water vapor mass in both hemispheres show obvious seasonal cycles. In the Northern Hemisphere, water vapor mass is characterized by low value in winter and high value in summer, while the opposite is true in the Southern Hemisphere. Regardless of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the annual range of water vapor mass is the smallest under the SSP1-2.6 (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway) scenario, and large water vapor mass changes occur in winter and summer. With the increase of CO₂, the annual range of water vapor mass in the Northern Hemisphere under the SSP3-7.0 scenario is the largest, which increases by 26.49% compared with that of the historical run. The situation in the Southern Hemisphere is different to that in the Northern Hemisphere. With the increase of CO₂ after the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the annual range of water vapor mass in the Southern Hemisphere also increases, reaching the maximum under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. The annual range of water vapor mass IHO increases with the increase of CO₂ concentration, and reaches the maximum under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. However, the increase amplitude decreases. The change of CO₂ concentration has the most obvious influence on the abnormal change of water vapor mass near the Equator. Meanwhile, the closer to the Antarctic, the smaller the abnormal change of water vapor mass. However, the closer to the Arctic, the greater the abnormal change of water vapor mass in summer than in winter. In addition, the increase of CO₂ concentration will lead to gradual accumulation of water vapor mass in summer towards the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. These conclusions are conducive to better understanding of the response of water vapor mass change to the increase in CO₂ concentration, and provide clues to future climate policy formulation on precipitation.