The progress in observational research on the land-atmosphere interaction process and its weather and climate effects over the Tibetan Plateau

Feature with high elevation and strong radiation, Tibetan Plateau (TP) transports a large amount of heat and water vapor from the surface to the atmosphere, regulating the development of atmosphere boundary layer and the cloud precipitation processes. The sensible heat pump effect has a significant impact on the weather, climate and atmospheric circulation over TP and its surrounding regions. The current conditions of the harsh environment and the lack of comprehensive observation stations seriously hinders people"s understanding of land-atmosphere interaction process and its regional weather and climate effects over TP. Since the 1980s, numerous large-scale field observation experiments have been conducted to study the processes of land-atmosphere interaction, atmospheric boundary layer, cloud & precipitation, and TP’s weather and climate effects, and fruitful research results have been achieved. Especially since 2017, the National Science and Technology Special Project “the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research” has been launched, and a large number of comprehensive integrated observation experiments have been carried out on the basis of previous observational projects. This article will systematically review and summarize the relevant observational research progress on the land-atmosphere interaction process, atmospheric boundary layer process, cloud precipitation process, and TP’s weather and climate effects from the perspective of in situ measurements over the past five years.