A review of numerical simulation studies on the interaction processes between the atmosphere and land surface on the Tibetan Plateau and their weather and climate effects.

Against the backdrop of global climate change and intensified human activities, the Tibetan Plateau, known as the "Asian Water Tower" and the "Third Pole of the Earth," plays an increasingly significant role in regulating regional and global climate systems through its land-atmosphere interactions. Numerical simulation, as an effective tool for understanding the complex climatic processes on the plateau, has played an irreplaceable role in exploring the physical mechanisms of land-atmosphere systems on the Tibetan Plateau and their weather and climate effects. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of numerical simulations on four major land-atmosphere interaction processes on the Tibetan Plateau, including land-surface atmospheric processes (boundary layer processes), cloud precipitation physics processes, regional water cycle processes, and tropospheric processes. It focuses on discussing how these processes manifest at different temporal and spatial scales and their impacts on regional weather systems, monsoon circulation, and global climate. Finally, this paper outlines future research directions by proposing a need to enhance model accuracy, optimize parameterization schemes, integrate multiple observational data sources to further reveal the unique role of Tibetan Plateau in global climate system dynamics while providing scientific basis for addressing challenges posed by climate change.