A brief review of win-win strategies to address climate change and air pollution

China is highly sensitive and significantly impacted by global climate change. Analysis based on historical observations and future projections indicates that frequent, intense, extensive, and concurrent extreme high-temperature events are likely to become the New Normal. The frequency of extreme low-temperature events has shown decreasing trend. However, since the 21st century, the intensity, duration and combined hazards of extreme low temperature events have rebounded. It is evidently confirmed that human activities have contributed to global warming, and the global climate system is undergoing rapid and widespread changes. The Arctic, as a sensitive area responding to climate warming, influences the changes of extreme high- and low-temperature events in the mid-latitudes through the "Arctic amplification" effect. Additionally, it modulates the occurrence of winter haze and summer ozone pollution by affecting heavy pollution meteorological conditions. China’s atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, originate from the same emission sources and undergo similar processing. Consequently, in recent years, climate change governance and environmental pollution control have begun to demonstrate positive synergistic effects. Guided by the goal of peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality, and with the further transformation of China "s energy structure, carbon emissions and economic development are expected to achieve stable decoupling. This development holds great potential for the simultaneous reduction of atmospheric pollutants and CO2 emissions, thereby fostering a win-win situation between continuous improvement of air quality and mitigation of climate change. Within this framework, there is an urgent need to establish more effective linkages between high vulnerable sectors to climate change impacts. All sectors should collaboratively formulate adaptation strategies and measures to mitigate climate change. Furthermore, more in-depth scientific research and experiments are required on the interaction between the Arctic and climate change to provide scientific support for the formulation and implementation of win-win adaptation strategies.