A review on the modernization development of weather forecasting operations in China

Weather forecasting is the core of meteorological operations. Following the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, systematic development of weather forecasting services and operational capabilities began. The evolution of weather forecasting over the past seven decades were reviewed, summarizing the operational characteristics of three key phases: Empirical synoptic forecasting, modern development driven by numerical weather prediction (NWP), and specialized fine-scale forecasting based on NWP advancements. Furthermore, this paper examines technological progress in specific forecasting areas, including numerical models, meteorological elements, and severe weather predictions. This study highlights that the modernization of weather forecasting has benefited from advancements in meteorological science and technology, particularly the widespread application of numerical prediction techniques and the integration of diverse observational methods. By reviewing this developmental journey, the present paper emphasizes the importance of adopting advanced technologies, enhancing the synergy between research and operational practices, and advancing the modernization of meteorological services.