Meteorological Technology Requirements in Catastrophe Insurance: A Review of Research and Policy Recommendations

Against the backdrop of climate change, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have significantly increased, bringing about the complexity, systematicness, and nonlinearity of disaster risks. The traditional insurance mechanism based on experience is facing challenges. As a strategic support system integrating multiple disciplines, meteorological science and technology is deeply embedded in the entire process of risk identification, pricing, claims settlement, and early warning in catastrophe insurance. Starting from the evolution of global catastrophe risks, this paper analyzes the policy orientation and regulatory trends of China in the development of meteorological science and technology and the construction of catastrophe insurance systems. It systematically sorts out the differentiated technical demands of insurance institutions for meteorological science and technology in various business segments such as underwriting, reinsurance, and services. It focuses on discussing the key tools and application scenarios in the processes of underwriting, pricing, claims settlement, and disaster prevention and mitigation, revealing the fundamental supporting role of meteorological science and technology in the forward intervention, intelligent evolution, and parameterization transformation of the insurance mechanism. On this basis, it puts forward policy suggestions such as improving the data governance system, optimizing the technological innovation mechanism, exploring the path of coordinated development, and establishing a composite talent system, providing theoretical basis and practical paths for building a climate risk protection framework with predictability, resilience, and adaptability.