太平洋高压移动规律性的探讨
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MOVEMENT OF PACIFIC HIGH PRESSURE IN SUMMER
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摘要: 夏半年太平洋高压的平均变化,带著突变性质的增强和减弱,突然的增强发生6月到7月,而4月至6月更有逐渐减弱的趋向,到9月中旬以後则突然的减退.夏季西太平洋高压脊的东西进退和整个西风环流变化及西风环流的情况密切关连,同时太平洋高压本身也是西风环流及其变化的重要因素之一.当西风环流强时,太平洋高压比较强大,这时太平洋高压脊的变化很少,在西风环流小波动东移的过程中,太平洋高压脊只有微小的摆动.但西风带波动较大时,随着西风槽和高压脊的东移,太平洋高压脊便有了比较长时期的和明显的东退和西伸,它的周期一般都在5、6天左右.如果西风环流起了大型的变化,即西风环流由强转弱,再由弱转强,太平洋高压脊随之不断的东退和西伸,进退的范围可达30-40经距.它的周期较长,一般都在半个月的光景,最长的可达一个月,10天以内的很少.太平洋高压脊除了和西风带的环流,极地高压和低压槽有关外,也和它南边的气压系统,如台风和热带风暴有关.Abstract: In the summer half year, the average; intensity of the Pacific. high pressure changes more or less abruptly. It strongly increases from June to July and decreases gradually from April to June. In.middle September it decreasees suddenly. In.the summer season (from June to August),the advance and retreat of the western Pacific pressure ridge (moving from east to west or reversed) is intimately correlated with the upper westerlies. At the same time, the Pacific High itself is an important factor of the atmospheric circulation:Where the zonal circulation is strong, the intensity of the Pacific High is also relatively strong and the position of the western Pacific pressure ridge changes little. When the small waves in the westerlies move out from Asia into the Pacific Ocean, the position of the western Pacific pressure ridge only vibrates slightly. But, when the waves in the westernlies are strong, the western Pacific pressure ridge advances westward and then retreats eastward apparently. The period of advance and retreat of the ridge is about five or six days. During the period of low zonal circulation index, the western Pacific pressure ridge moves eastward. When the circulation index grows from low to high, the ridge advances westward. The range oaf longitudes of oscillation of the ridge in this type is largest, about 30-40 degrees, and the period of oscillation is longest, about half month in general.The longest period reaches one month.Besides, the movement of the Pacific High ridge is also studied in relation to the tropical systems, such as typhoons.