准地转三层模式天气值预报方法的试验研究
AN INVESTIGATION IN THREE-PARAMETER QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL FOR NUMERICAL FORECASTING
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摘要: 作者首先根据温度局地变化的分析说明三层模式常常是必要的。然后作者用较普遍的准地转三层模式,试算了大范围高空温压场的倾向。所计算的是乌拉尔阻塞流型发展关键时刻的例子。作者的计算结果说明这种阻塞流型形成的预报必须使用三层模式,主要是因为与阻塞流型中高、低压切断有关的负变高,只有使用三层模式才报得好。根据三层模式的公式,作者并求出大范围天气系统发展的规则:即冷(暖)平流向上增强(减弱),那末等压面的位势高度升高(低槽减弱、高压脊加强);冷(暖)平流向上减弱(增强),那末等压面的位势高度降低(低槽加强、高压脊减弱)。也就是说,一般所接受的暖平流使脊加强,冷平流使槽加深这规则是有条件的。作者还指出风场的逼近的需要和困难。特则是现有高空风观测和电码难以直接用来计算辐散。在计算方面作者给出了一个对Poisson方程适用的成群放松的格式。Abstract: By an analysis of local temperature change on different isobaric surfaces,it is pointed out in this study that a three parameter model is often neccessary for prediction of major weather development.A case of the formation of blocking situation west of Ural is studied.The tendency computed with a three parameter model is in good agreement with the observed tendency during the critical moment of the formation of the blocking over that area,which is not foretasted by a ore or two parameter model.A forecasting rule is found by solving the equations for the three parameter model approximately.It states that the height of an isobaric surface rises when cold (warm) advection inereases (decrases) upward,and falls when the cold (warm) advection decreases (increases) upward.The neccessity and difficulty for higher approximation to the true wind is discussed.It is found that the available wind data given in the present code is not sufficiently accurate for the direct evaluation of the wind divergence,In solving Poisson equation a pattern of group relaxation is designed.