切变涡度和曲率涡度在正压大气中的相互轉化及其在天气預报中的应用

THE TRANSFORMATION OF CURVATURE VORTICITY AND SHEARING VORTICITY IN BAROTROPIC ATMOSPHERE AND ITS APPLICATION TO WEATHER PREDICTION

  • 摘要: 从日常正压数值預报中发現,在500毫巴图上即便初始场是盛行的平直西风,仍常有气压系統发展或新生等現象.这意味着气压系統和涡度系統的发展不是一回事.考虑前者的发展和曲率涡度的变化有密切的关系,作者推导了曲率涡度和切变涡度的預报方程.可以証明,这两个物理量不是保守的.在某些情况下即便不考虑地球自轉的作用,在气流汇合和散开的地区二者仍可能相互轉化.利用这些結果前面的問題可以得到合理的解释.最后,为了便于在实际工作中应用,作者还給出了一些适用于天气預报的規則.

     

    Abstract: From a large number of operational numerical predictions with the barotropic model, it is found that the, development of the pressure systems at 500 mb isobaric surface can sometimes be,well oredicted to. some extent, even though the zonal current is nredominent in the initial stream. tielcl. Vn the other hand, It is well-known from synoptic experience that the developinecit.of pressure pattern is closely related to the, change of curvature vorticitv and shearing vorticitv. Therefore, for the sake of investiaatina the proniem of aeveiopment,two equations for preaicang the two quantities are aerlvea. It can be shown that each of them is not conservative and, they can be transformed into each other in confluent.or defluent stream region under certain circumstances, regardless of the effect of variation of Coriolis parameter with latitude.From these results, the phenomena previouslyo mentioned may be explained. Finally, for the purpose of practical use, some rules for weather prediction are proposed」herefrom.

     

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