台风的螺旋结构
THE SPIRAL STRUCTURE OF THE TROPICAL CYCLONE
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摘要: 本文从描写台风运动的动力方程组出发,讨论了台风的螺旋结构,给出了这种螺旋结构的图样,指出:(1)台风螺旋结构的形成是台风中重力惯性内波,特别是重力内波的作用所致,(2)台风螺旋结构的形式与波位相速紧密相关,北半球的曳式螺旋结构要求螺旋图样环绕台风眼逆时针且由中心向外运动,其向外运动的速度近于重力内波的传播速度,(3)台风的曳式螺旋倾角一般小于45°,而在台风边缘,倾角约为10°,螺旋臂间距在二旋臂结构中平均为220公里,而在四旋臂结构中平均为110公里,(4)台风螺旋波也有频散作用,在曳式螺旋中cgr与cr皆为正,且cgrcg,它说明台风螺旋结构只要有充足的水汽和相应的潜热供给,就可维持。Abstract: In this paper, starting from the equations describing tropical cyclone, the spiral structure of the tropical cyclone is discussed and the flow pattern is described. It shows that the formation of spiral structure is due to the action of internal gravity-inertia waves,particularly internal gravity waves. The spiral form is connected with the phase velocity of waves. The "trailing" spiral structure in the Northern Hemisphere demands that the spiral lines move counter-clockwise and outward. The angle with which a spiral line intersects with a circle of radius r is ordinarily less than 45°,at the edge of tropical cyclone it is about 10°.The distance between the spiral "arms" is about 220 km for m=2, 110 km for m=4.The spiral waves of the tropical cyclone are dispersive. In the "trailing" spiral, cgr and cr are always positive, and cgrcr.It is found that, if the water vapor is enough and latent heat is more than enough,the tropical cyclone may mamtain.