Abstract: Based on the last 500-year data of volcanic eruptions, the statistical relatioir between large volcanic eruptions and the surface air temperature and precipitation in China is investigated. It is found that the effects of volcanic eruption on temperature are more significant than on precipitation. Two lowerings of temperature in China after a large volcanic eruption respectively occur on the eighth month and the eighteenth month. Moreover, the second temperature decrease is more severe than the first. It is probable that the cold summers in northeast China since 1951 may be related to large volcanic eruptions, which severity class is greater than or equal to 2.