梅雨末期暴雨过程中高低空环流的耦合——数值实验
THE VERTICAL COUPLING OF UPPER AND LOWER JETS IN A HEAVY RAINFALL CASE DURING THE LATE PERIOD OF MEIYU SEASON——Numerical Experiments
-
摘要: 一次梅雨末期暴雨过程的数值实验结果表明:模式较好地预报了西南涡的发展,暴雨区与高低空西风急流和南亚东风急流在空间上的联系。对流层上下层的耦合主要发生在低空急流和南亚东风急流之间。以北部上升,南部下沉的反环流为主要特征。无潜热加热模式也模拟出上述特征,说明梅雨期的大尺度环流系统一部分是斜压与大地形强迫的结果,而在暴雨区内的垂直耦合很弱,上升运动减小一个量级。潜热加热极大地增强了垂直反坏流。相应的对流层下层向北的横向运动增强低空急流,对流层上层向南的横向运动增强南亚东风急流。增强了的低空急流和南亚东风急流,通过动量-质量的调整,有利于反环流的维持。 梅雨末期的暴雨过程中,低空急流和南亚高空急流的耦合是重要的。而潜热释放增强了这种耦合。Abstract: Numerical experiments for a heavy precipitation case during the late period of Meiyu season were carried out by using the ECMWF limited area model. The development of south-west vortex, heavy rainfall area and the spatial and temporal relationship between low level jet (LLJ),subtropical jet (STJ) and Southern Asia easterly jet (EJ) were well simulated in the control experiment (CON).Experiment witho ut latent heating (NLH) also simulated the broad features of the circulation (except those of rain bearing systems),it shows the relative importance of baroclinic and orographyic forcing. In the precipitation area, the simulated upward motion in the NLH was only one tenth of that in the CON. An indirect vertical circulation, with ascending north and descending south, was enhanced by latent heating. The lower branch of the indirect circulation, with northward transverse motion increased the speed of LLJ and the upper branch with southward transverse motion intensified the EJ. In other words, the vertical coupling between LLJ and EJ is quite essential for the occurence of the heavy precipitation and the latent heat release acts as a positive feed back processes for such vertical coupling.