过冷云及其降雪化学成分观测
OBSERVATION ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SUPERCOOLED CLOUD AND SNOW
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摘要: 近年来,针对酸雨及其形成机制,我国已进行了许多降水化学的研究工作,但对云的酸度及化学成分的观测和研究甚少.云水的酸度和化学成分对长期生长在高山的珍贵树木和森林有直接影响.云及其降水具有吸收、溶解和冲刷大气物质的能力,同时在液滴中发生化学反应产生有害物质.云乃降水母体,大气物质首先与它发生作用,是形成大气物质湿沉降的主要场所.为此我们分别于1986年和1987年1月在黄山气象站对冷云云系及其降雪进行序列采样并进行化学分析,以了解云中一些离子分布特点及与一些因子的联系.本文叙述测量和分析结果.Abstract: The results of analyses of chemical composition for supercooled cloud and snow collected at Yellow Mountain have shown that the clouds prevailing wind, SW,W, NW have a pH of less than 5,6 while snow and local clouds have a pH of larger than 7.0. The maximum of pH and the minimum of S042- appear at the middle position of the clouds. Comparing to supercooled cloud snow has a characteristic of a larger pH and lower ions concentration.