冬小麦生长和产量形成与气象条件关系及其动态模拟的研究——以河南省黄淮平原冬小麦中、低产地区为例
THE RELATIONS OF THE GROWTH OF WINTER WHAET AND THE FORMA-TION OF ITS YIELD PRODUCTIVITY TO METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND THEIR DYNAMIC SIMULATION With the materials of Huang-Huai Plain of Henan Province
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摘要: 本文以能量转换和物质循环的观点,根据大量的田间试验及气象资料,对河南省黄淮平原中、低产地区冬小麦生长和产量形成与气象条件的定量关系及其时空变化特点作了分析,并指出了小麦群体内部光合有效辐射(PAR)的垂直分布特征;群体中存在着一个对PAR的强烈削弱层,它随着小麦生育期的后延而升高。依该地区小麦干物质积累不同特点,作者提出了早播、适播、迟播和受冻害四种生长型。在前人研究的基础上,作者提出了“冬小麦农业气象计算机模拟模型”(WWACSM),它由发育期、叶面积系数及光合生产三个一级子模式和若干个二级子模式组成:并结合河南省黄淮平原小麦生产实践,对其中某些子模式作了探索和改进,为进一步发展该地区小麦的商品生产提供了气象依据。Abstract: Based on a great amount of field-experimental and meteorological data, authors analysed the quantitative relations of the growth of winter wheat and its yield formation to meteorological conditions and the characteristics of the relations both in time and space by the view of matter cycling and energy transfering in the middle-low yield area of Huang-Huai plain of Henan province, and the vertical distribution features of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in wheat colony were pointed out. There is a layer strongly diminishing PAR in wheat population. And the layer tends to be higher as the wheat growing. Based on different features of the course of winter wheat in this region, four growth patterns were classified, which are early sowing, suitable sowing, delayed sowing, and freezing injury growth pattern. With the reviewing of previous research works, the authors have developed a model "Winter Wheat Agrometeorological Computer Simulation Model (WWACSM)", which comprises three first class submodels: Growth Duration, Leaf Area Index, and photosynthesis submodel, and a number of second class models. Some of the submodels were investigated and improved, which then provided meteorological basis for further development of wheat' production in this district.
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