熵产生、传热两方程所揭示的若干问题

A NUMBER OF REVEALED QUESTIONS OF THE EQUATIONS OF ENTROPY PRODUCTION AND HEAT TRANSMIT

  • 摘要: 整个大气非均匀而处于非平衡态。在大气中,尤其在对流层中,任取一个绝对温度T、全压强p、水汽分压pv(或水汽混合比γ)的均匀湿空气微团,它是局域(局部)平衡态的热力学系统。然而它与外界系统(除它以外的液态水、非水物质固体以及环境空气等)并不一定互为平衡,它是一个开放系统,受外界影响也可发生不可逆的非绝热过程。湿空气微团与同压同温液态水互相接触,微团系统所含的水汽与外界的液态水两相的比自由熔(又称单位质量的吉布斯函数或化学势)并不一定相等,因此,汽、液两相并不一定互为平衡,既可发生不可逆的水相变化,也可发生可逆的水相变化。水相变化致使湿空气系统与外界液态水互相交换水物质的质量,与系统交换质量的部分外界称为粒子库。经典的热力学第一定律所得到的dθ/dt=θQ/(cpT),只适用于未饱和湿空气微团封闭系。粒子库以交换质量方式向开放系提供热量和质量作用量1,热源与系统互不交换质量,热源和粒子库分别以不同的方式向开放系所提供的热量分别称为传热量和热流量,热流量与粒子库向开放系所提供的质量有关。

     

    Abstract: In this paper,the law of internal energy and the law of entropy which are in the open system are applied to the humid micro air-mass which can generate water phase changed by suffering external effect,deducing the equation of humid air-mass entropy production during vaporization and liquefaction process and the equation of heat transmit,which transmit heat energy from outside to the humid micro air-mass by heat conduction and radiation. A number of questions which are revealed by these two equations are discussed. It is pointed out that the heat energy can be divided into heat conduction energy and heat flow energy. The description of heating effect by latent heat and sensible heat is not proper.

     

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