云中可溶性物质对冰核化影响的实验研究

EFFECTS OF SOLUBLE SALTS IN CLOUD ON ICE NUCLEATION─A LABORATORIAL STUDY

  • 摘要: 用冷台冻滴和2m3云室试验相结合的方法,研究了云中可溶性物质对冰核化的影响。实验结果表明,一般云中观测到的可溶性盐类气溶胶(如NaCl、(NH4)2SO4等)在温度高于-18℃时不易成为冰核。而高浓度的可溶性铵盐(如(NH4)2SO4,NHCl等)则能显着提高AgI的成冰温度。(NH4)2SO4能使AgI成冰晶数在-10℃提高2个量级,-6℃提高约1个量级。该结果对人工催化技术有一定指导意义。

     

    Abstract: Two sets of laboratorial experiments are carried out to study the effects of soluble salts in cloud on ice nucleation processes.The cold stage is used for the individual drops freezing and 2m3 cloud chamber for the cloud droplets population experiments.The results show that drops (or droplets) containing NaCI, NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 with concentrations typically found in natural cloud do not act upon ice nucleation at temperature warmer than -18℃.However, they seems to have slight effects on ice crystal producing number and crystal aggregation.The experiments also show that high concentration of ammonium salts can obviously increase the freezing temperature of drops which contain AgI.When AgI is used to seed the cloud containing ammonium salts, the ice crystal production could increase about 1-2orders of magnitude at temperature -6℃ and -10℃ respectively comparing with seeding pure water cloud.

     

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