次天气尺度系统中的非地转运动和广义平衡模式

THE AGEOSTROPHIC MOTION IN SUBSYNOPTIC SCALE SYSTEMS AND THE GENERALIZED BALANCE MODEL

  • 摘要: 研究了宏观准静力的次天气尺度系统中非地转运动的机理.较以往更具体地揭露了在全运动的时间尺度远大于惯性重力波的前提下,各类强迫因子与非地转运动的旋转分量及辐散分量的关系.并证明上述“慢变化”前提在各种常见情况甚至包括几类熟见的强系统情况下都能满足.除了众所周知,强的准二维系统可允许传统形式的Rossby数R0≡U/f0L≈○(1)以外,这里还证明水平尺度小但铅直方向深厚,并包容着强对流云群团的系统恰恰能容忍特别强的非绝热而保持慢变化.相应地,其中辐散运动可以只比旋转运动小“半个量级”.突破了迄今各类过滤模式对辐散运动的过严限制.在能满足慢演变的条件下,非地转高频波振幅总可被自然、及时地控制在可忽略的水平上,这表明慢演变与准平衡的一致性.按照严谨的尺度分析,在上述讨论的过程中顺势导出一个“广义平衡模式”.方程中含有强迫场的一阶时间导数项.虽然容许强非绝热和放宽对辐散风的限制,却能以最大限度(这个限度是固有的)的精确性描述滤除高频波的慢演变.这个模式必须屏弃“主导气流”与“次级气流”的区分,包含了一个辐散风倾向的诊断方程.此模式可能特别有助于加深夏季副热带潮湿地区次天气尺度强降水系统的机理诊断.

     

    Abstract: The mechanism of the ageostrophic motion in the macroscopically quasistatic subsynopticscale systems is studied. Under the prerequisite that the time scale of the whole motion is far larger than that of its inertia-gravitational component, the relations of both the rotation and divergence components of the ageostrophic motion to various kinds of forcing factors are revealed more concretely and detailly than that done before. And it is proved that the above said prerequisite of slow motion is ensured in all the common cases even in most of the familiar cases of strong systems. In addition to the known fact that the Rossby number in traditional form R0≡(U/fL)≈○(1) can be accepted in the strong quasi-two dimensional systems, here it is also proved that the horizontally small but vertically deep and thick systems containing strong convective cloud ensemble can just tolerate the especially strong diabatic heating and maintain their slow evolution. And correspondingly, the divergence motion can be only half an order smaller than the rotation motion in such systems. The overrestriction of the divergence motion in all the filtered models seen so far is breaked then.

     

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