热带西太平洋定点海域降水的化学特征研究
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RAINWATER IN THE TROPICAL WEST PACIFIC (4°S,156°E)
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摘要: 对热带西太平洋定点(4°S,156°E)海域长达4个月的降水化学调查,研究了降水中化学成分的变化特征、连续性与断续性降水过程和西风暴发事件(WWBE)及大风暴降雨过程中降水的化学成分。结果表明:定点海域(4°S,156°E)纯“海洋性”降水的pH为5.55,其Mn/Fe比值为0.54,Cl-与SO42-是降水中最大量的离子;连续性降水pH呈“∨”型分布,Eh呈“∧”分布,总-2价硫的浓度S(-Ⅱ)呈降低分布,且最后趋于稳定,SO42-,NH4+,PO43-等在降雨开始后一段时间出现最大值,呈现与其它组分相反的行为;断续性降水pH,Eh趋于升高。西风暴发事件(WWBE)期间,绝大多数组分在降水中浓度高于WWBE发生前、后的浓度,而NH4+低于WWBE发生前、后的浓度,PO43-,SiO32-则是低于WWBE发生前的浓度,而高于发生后的浓度,大风暴降雨Cl-,SO42-的浓度比正常降雨时可高达数倍,说明海上大风暴使大量海水滴被卷入空中,又随降雨落下,这时的降水pH也有显著增高。Abstract: This paper deals with the characteristics of rainwater chemical composition including continuous and intermittent rainwater, raindrop processes in Westerly-Wind Burst Event (WWBE) and in strong windstorm at the point of tropical west Pacific (4°S, 156°E) from Nov. 1992 to Feb. 1993. The results show that the pH value of pure "marine" rainwater is 5.55 and its Mn/Fe ratiois 0.54 at 4°S, 156°E. Cl- and SO42- are the mainions in rainwaters. The distribution of pH is the shape of "V" and Eh "∧". ∑S(-Ⅱ) has a decrese tendency with time and it tends to constant at last in continuous raindrop process. The pH and Eh have a increse tendency in intermittent raindrop process. The maximums of SO42-, NH4+, PO43- et al. occur after raindrop and maybe they are subproducts in raindrop process. The invese behaviour of NH4+, PO43-, et al. to the other ions demonstrate that the mechanism of NH4+, PO43-, SO42-, SiO32-, ∑S(-Ⅱ) produce and wash is different from the other ions in rainwaters. The concentrations of most components during WWBE are higher than those of raindro poccured before and after WWBE, but NH4+ is different. The concent rations of Cl- and SO42- in strong windstorm raindrop process are several times in normal raindrop, and the pH value has a distinct increse. This proved that seawater was carried by strong windstorm to air and droped with raindrop.