层状云中非垂直多条撒播线源催化剂扩散的数值模拟
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MULTIPLE LINE SOURCE DIFFUSION OF SEEDING AGENTS WITHIN STRATIFORMIS
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摘要: 首先建立了一个模拟层状云中催化剂扩散的三维时变烟团轨迹模式。该模式能够模拟层状云中多条(与风向)非垂直撒播线源的催化剂扩散特征。在模式中,详细考虑了地形、垂直风切变对催化剂扩散的影响以及催化剂播散参数的时空变化和催化剂的湿清除效应以更接近于实际过程。其次建立了一个细网格三维非静力中-β尺度动力学预报模式,用于模拟大气流场和湍流场,以其作为烟团轨迹模式的背景场。最后根据1996年3月31日08时实测常规气象资料和14时飞机实际播撒参数,对陕西省关中地区飞机人工增雨作业中的催化剂扩散进行了数值模拟,对不同的大气层结和扩散参数做了敏感性试验分析。模拟结果表明:(1)在非均匀、非定常及非垂直直线源情况下,层状云中催化剂扩散的浓度等值线空间分布较复杂,不满足高斯分布。(2)催化剂的扩散与湍流扩散系数、风场分布相对应,水平扩散范围大于垂直扩散范围。(3)不稳定层结有利于催化剂扩散和多条线源的合并,扩散系数越大,扩散范围越大,线源间合并越早,撒播的线源间距可以大些。(4)陡峭地形对低层风场和湍流场影响较大。Abstract: Athree-dimensional puffmodel has been proposed to simulate diffusive chara cteristics of seeding agents seeded along non-vertical direction of wind within stratifor mis. In order to agree with actual processes, effectsof topogr aphy and vertical wind shear on diffusion, tempo-spatial variations of seeding param eters, and wet deposition were taken into consideration. Moreover, a three-dimensional no nhydrostatic meso-β-scale model has been form ulated to simulate the fields of at mospheric flows and tur bulence, which can be input to the puff-model as backg round field for improving its accuracy.