Abstract: Countergradient heat flux in the surface layer in South Pole is analyzed based on the data obtained from the field experiment snear China Zhongshan Observatory in South Pole.The analy ses show that the countergradient heat fluxoften occurs in the stable at mospheric surface layereven when the inversion strengt his fairly strong.A multiscaling method of calculating the countergradient heat flux is also discussed at the stable strat ification in the surface layer.The calculating result makes it known that the counterg radient heat flux is mainly caused by the penetration of buoyancy turbulence eddy and the flux nearly is so independent to the temperature gradient that the classic gradient transfer formula is fail to be useful in that cases abovestated.