中国近40年来雾的研究

STUDIES OF FOG IN CHINA OVER THE PAST 40 YEARS

摘要: 自1958年以来,中国一直重视人工消雾试验和雾的物理学研究。文中总结了40余年来中国在人工消雾、雾的物理化学特性、雾生消物理过程研究等方面的成就,介绍了雾与生态环境之间的紧密关系及雾数值模式研究的发展过程和取得的重要成果。雾是贴地层空气中悬浮着大量水滴或冰晶微粒而使水平能见距离降到1km以内的天气现象。它不仅对水陆空交通有不利影响,而且对工农业生产和人民身体健康也带来了严重危害。纯净雾水也有有利的一面,比如云南省南部的雾对生产高质量的茶叶及发展橡胶林十分有利。对一些干旱地区还可“雾中取水”。近些年来发现,雾与生态环境关系密切,研究雾可为保护生态环境提供科学依据。

Abstract: Research of artificial dispersion and fog physics has been conducted in China since 1958. The paper presents the achievements of artificial fog dispersion, its physico-chemical characteristics. genesis/lysis processes and numerical studies. Finally a close relationship between fog events and ecoenvironments is given with which three-dimensional models to deal with fog effects of environmental factors have been established and developed.