北半球东半部对流层夏季平均环流形成物理机制的流体模拟实验

FLUID MODELING EXPERIMENTS ON PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION OVER THE EAST PART OF NORTHERN HEMISPHERE

  • 摘要: 在旋转流体盘中做物理实验,模拟研究北半球东半部对流层夏季平均大气环流的形成物理机制。用镍铬电阻丝通电加热实验盘底作为热源,用冷水循环的铜管对实验盘底制冷作为冷源。将热源及冷源分布在绘有北半球极赤射面投影地图的底面上。人工地制造出中高纬西风带及越赤道气流模型。用流体物理模拟实验方法研究北半球东半部对流层夏季平均大气环流物理机制。逐个地试验了海陆温差、青藏高原地形及其高空热源、中高纬西风带,及来自南半球的越赤道气流的作用。

     

    Abstract: Physical modeling experiments have been performed in a rotating fluid dishpan to study the physical mechanism of the formation of the mean atmospheric circulation over the east part of summer Northern Hemisphere. As the heat source the charged nickel-chromium alloy wire is used to head the bottom surface of the dishpan, and the circulating cold water in a thin brass pipe paved under the fluid container is used as the cold source, to refrigerate the dishpan bottom. The heat and cold sources are distributed at the stereographic projection map of Northern Hemisphere on the dishpan bottom. The influence of westerlies of middle and high latitudes, and the temperature difference between sea and land, the mechanical obstruction of Tibetan Plateau terrain on the westerly current, the elevated heating of the plateau and the influence of cross-equatorial currents that affect the formation of the mean summer atmospheric circulation over Asia have been tested. The experiments show that the atmospheric circulation over the east part of the summer Northern Hemisphere is produced by a compound influence of the abovementioned factors, and each of them possesses its unique and non-substitution role.

     

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