南海季风试验与东亚夏季风
SOUTH CHINA SEA MONSOON EXPERIMENT(SCSMEX) AND THE EAST-ASIAN MONSOON
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摘要: 南海季风试验是一次国际性大气与海洋的联合试验,旨在更好地了解南海季风的爆发、维持与变化,以改进东亚和东南亚地区的季风预报。1998年5～8月进行的外场试验取得了圆满成功,获得了大量气象与海洋资料。不少国家对这些资料进行四维资料同化,并改进数值模拟和预报;同时也为东亚与南海地区季风的研究提供了必要的资料集。文中总结了中国科学家在这方面的主要研究成果,共包括6个方面:(1)南海夏季风的爆发过程与机理;(2)南海季风爆发过程中对流与中尺度系统的发展及其与大尺度环流的相互作用;(3)低频振荡与遥相关作用;(4)南海海气通量的测量及其与季风活动的关系;(5)夏季风时期南海海洋的热力结构、环流和中尺度涡旋及其与ENSO事件的关系;(6)南海与东亚季风的数值模拟。Abstract: The SCSMEX is a joint at mospheric and oceanic experiment by international efforts, aim at studying the onset, maintenance and variability of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon, thus to improve the monsoon prediction in Southeast and East-Asian regions. The field experiment carried out in May) August, 1998 was fully successful, with a large amount of meteorological and oceanographic data acquired that have been used in four dimensional data assim ilations by several countries, in order to improve their numerical simulations and prediction. These datasets also are widely used in the follow-up SCS and East-Asian monsoon study. The present paper has sum marized the main research results obtained by Chinese meteorologists which cover six aspects: (1) Onset processes and mechanism of the SCS summer monsoon; (2) development of convection and meso-scale convective systems (MCSs) during the onset phase and their interaction with large-scale circulation; (3) lowfrequency oscillation and teleconnection effect; (4) measurements of surface fluxes over the SCS and their relationship with the monsoon activity; (5) oceanic thermodynamic structures, circulation and meso-scale eddies in the SCS during the summer monsoon and their relat ionship with ENSO events; (6) numerical simulations of the SCS and Eas-tAsian monsoon.
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