区域雷达网同步观测对比分析

A CONTRAST ANALYSIS OF SYNCHRONOUS OBSERVATIONS FROM REGIONAL RADAR NETWORK

  • 摘要: 利用长江中游的合肥、宜昌、武汉、常德和长沙雷达周围的1:25万的地形高度数据得到各雷达的混合扫描仰角和等射束高度拼图。选用2004年7月17—19日5部雷达同步观测的雷达体扫资料,分析了各雷达的最低扫描仰角;在尽量排除地物杂波、波束阻挡、距离衰减和波束展宽等因素影响的情况下,对比分析了5部雷达构成的有重叠覆盖区的7个雷达对的反射率因子差异。结果表明:(1)对雷达最低扫描仰角进行分析可以检查雷达的仰角标定,武汉和合肥雷达平均最低观测仰角比VCP21扫描方式规定的要低;(2)用雷达对等距离线上的反射率垂直剖面可以分析雷达对同步观测的回波空间位置和强度差异,常德雷达和其周围雷达同步观测的回波高度明显偏低;(3)用雷达对等距离线上某高度的反射率因子曲线变化的一致程度可以分析雷达的方位标定,这5部雷达没有明显的方位定标偏差;(4)用雷达对等距离线上某高度的平均反射率因子差可以分析雷达对同步观测的系统观测差,宜昌雷达和其周围的雷达相比,观测的回波强度偏强,而武汉和其周围的雷达相比,观测的回波强度偏弱;(5)反射率因子差的时间平均值随着反射率因子的大小变化而变化,当观测的反射率因子越大时雷达对的反射率因子差的时间平均值也越大。

     

    Abstract: On the basis of the 1:250000 DEM(digital elevation model) data and station information of Hefei, Wuhan, Yichang, Changde and Changsha weather radars and radar beam pattern (or power density function), the beam blockage coefficients is calculated. A beam bottom clearance of 150 m or more and an occultation of less than 60% are used to define a hybrid elevation angle which is used for calculating isobeam height based on radar altimetry. After iso-beam heights from individual radars are remapped onto the Cartesian grid, they are combined to produce a mosaic iso-beam height image. 7 radar pairs are composed, which have common covering area at 4 km height. The lowest scanning elevation angles of the 5 radars are analyzed using the radar raw data on 17-19,July 2004, the results show that the mean lowest elevation angles of Hefei and Wuhan radars are respectively 0.19°and 0.07° lower than 0.5°, the regulation of VCP21, and the others have no great difference. And then, after distance attenuation,and terrain obstruct and clutter are eliminated, the reflectivity difference of radar pair on the equidistant line are analyzed when they simultaneously observe. Because of different height above sea level of radar antenna, the objects' height at the same slant range with same elevation angle are dissimilar between radar pairs. In order that two contrast reflectivities come from same object more possible, the radar volume scan data are remapped onto 3D Cartesian grid, and for abating the attenuation influence, the reflectivities on equidistant line are selected, and for mitigating beam blockage and clutter, when the mean reflectivity difference between radar pair at same distance from two radars are calculated, only these points are considered whose height is higher than iso-beam height, viz. which are not blocked completely. Whereby, the following results can be approached: (1) Lowest scanning elevation angles can be used to examine the calibration of radar elevation angle. (2) Vertical cross sections of reflectivity on equidistant lines for radar pairs can be used to analyze the deviation of echo's position and intensity from radar-pair. Echo's vertical structures appear large differences on equidistant lines when Changde radar simultaneously observes with other adjacent 3 radars, its echo height is obviously lower. Nevertheless, the others' horizontal and vertical echoes are consistent well. (3) Reflectivity on equidistant line at same height from radar-pairs can be used to examine the calibration of radar azimuth. Because of undemanding space -time synchronization as well as the effects of atmospheric refraction and distance attenuation, the reflectivity variation trends of paired radars on the equidistant line at same height are incompletely consistent, and the mean and standard deviation of reflectivity differences between paired radars on equidistant line at same height change along with time, and so does correlation coefficient of reflectivities of radar pairs. (4) Wuhan radar's echo intensities are 2.4 dBz weaker than that of Hefei radar, 4.6 dBz lower than Yichang, 2.4 dBz lower than Changsha when it observes simultaneously with the others around. Yichang's is averagely 4.6 dBz stronger than Wuhan and 2.1 dBz stronger than Changsha. The variations are small between Wuhan and Hefei, and Wuhan and Changsha radars. Assumed the criterion based on Hefei and Changsha radars, Wuhan is about -2.4 dB system observation error, and Yichang about 2.4 dB.

     

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