一个检测水中冻结核含量的新装置

A NEW APPARATUS FOR DETECTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FREEZING NUCLEI IN WATER

  • 摘要: 为了检测降水物中冻结核的相对浓度,在Vali均匀水滴冻结实验方法的基础上,研制了一种可自动检测冻结信号和处理实验数据的装置。其主体是由一组热电偶制冷的冷台,49个热敏元件等间隔地贴在冷台上,其中一个贴上小型的Pt100测温元件,另一个作为信号参考,其他47个热敏元件各滴上一个被测水滴。试验进行时冷台和水滴线性降温,降温率由818P4欧陆控温仪控制。每个水滴冻结时释放的潜热被热敏元件检测,经电路转换为电压信号,全部水滴冻结产生的一串等值信号由计算机实时跟踪监测。可得到水滴冻结的温度谱和时间谱。通过软件计算可方便地推导出水中所含冻结核的微分和积分浓度的温度谱。与以前的同类装置相比,提高了效率和检测精度。文中简要地介绍了该系统的结构、软件功能、试验程序,并给出了几种人工和自然水样的初步检测结果。这个装置对检测水中冻结核和播云催化剂研究都是有用的。人工冰核(如AgI)常用于人工增雨作业,如果对催化前后的降水样品取样检测它们的冻结核含量,可能发现其中的差别,有助于评估播云效果。

     

    Abstract: In order to measuring the relative concentration of freezing nuclei in hydrometeors, based on Vali’s even drops freezing experiment method,a new system of automatically detecting drop frozen signals and processing test data have been developed. The main body is a cold stage cooled by a set of thermocouples, 49 thermosensitive elements are adhered to the stage with proportional spacing. One of them is affixed with a small Pt100 temperature element to measure the temperature, another one acts as a signal reference, and each of the rest 47 thermosensitive elements supports one drop of tested water sample. When experiment running the stage and drops are linearity cooled at a cooling rate controlled by an 818P4 Eurotherm temperature controller. The freezing latent heat released by each freezing drop will be detected by the thermosensitive element,then transformed into a voltage signal by the arithmetic circuitries, a series of equal signal produced by all drops freezing will be real time monitored by computer. The freezing temperature and freezing time spectra of drops are then obtained, and the differential and accumulative concentrationtemperature spectra of freezing nuclei are derived by a suit of software. The apparatus works well with better precision and efficiency than our former device. The apparatus structure, functions of software, and experiment procedure are introduced, and the testing results for several water samples are given in this paper. The apparatus would be useful for testing the freezing nuclei in water and the research of cloud seeding agent. The artificial ice nuclei(such as AgI) is often used in precipitation enhancement operations, if taking the rain water samples before and after cloud seeding, the apparatus might help to find the differences in their freezing nuclei contents, thus beneficial to the assessment of the cloud seeding effect.

     

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