Abstract:
The single Doppler radar data of Jianyang, Fujian Province were used to analyze the structure and evolution of a heavy precipitation (HP) supercell in the north side of a cold front near Jianyang during 07:00-09:00 UTC 12 April 2004. The synoptic environment was characterized by high humidity in low-levels,moderate CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy,1601 J/kg), moderate wind shear (22 m/s, over 0-5 km) and the veering of wind with height, which are similar to those of HP supercell previously observed in mid-latitudes. In addition, the calculated bulk Richardson number is only 16, which also suggests the environmental conditions favorable for supercell development. The Doppler radar analysis shows that the storm took place at the leading edge of a squall line, developed initially from an ordinary storm, and then evolved gradually into a bow shape. Subsequently, it split up into two separate storms along the storm motion direction through the apex of the bow echo. The storm in the left flank dissipated quickly, however the right storm strengthened and evolved into a HP supercell and lasted more than one hour. The radar reflectivity of the HP supercell at its mature stage displayed a typical low-level hook echo at the front flank of the stormand the maximum reflectivity was beyond 70 dBz. Above the hook echo, an elevated maximum reflectivity core, subtle bounded weak-echo region (BWER) and downshear echo overhang aloft can be clearly identified. The elevated BWER with the reflectivity of 40-50 dBz was surrounded by values of 60-70 dBz. Corresponding storm relative velocity data showed a well defined, deep layered (above 7 km) mesocyclone coincident with the low-level WER and middle-level BWER. The radar-estimated time-height cross section of mesocyclone rotational velocity and couplet diameter indicates that this mesocyclone formed initially at middle level, then deepened and strengthened rapidly into mature stage with a vertical depth more than 8 km and a maximum rotation velocity more than 24 m/s, and later decayed rapidly. It lasted for about 1 hour. The GBVTD derived primary circulation shows the maximum tangential wind of the mesocylone laid at middle level (3-5 km) with a maximum about 20 m/s. The mean radial wind field was characterized with a low-level inflow below 4 km, accompanied a stronger updraft near the mesocyclone center. Between 4-7 km, the tangential wind profile resembled that of a Rankine combined vortex with the maximum radius of wind (RMW) at 3 km. The mean radial wind field was characterized with a low-level outflow within the RMW and inflow outside the RMW respectively. Correspondingly, the vertical velocity indicated a stronger updraft at the RMW and weak downdraft inside the RMW. Above 7 km, the outflow strengthened and extended outside the RMW. In a summary, the reflectivity structure of storm and its accompanied mesocyclone are very similar with those of mid-latitude HP supercell proposed by Miller 1994. However, its life cycle included three stages: ordinary storm, bow echo and storm split, which is quite different from those recorded before.