亚洲—太平洋季风区的遥相关研究

A study of the teleconnection in the Asian Pacific monsoon region

  • 摘要: 亚洲—太平洋季风区各季风子系统间的相互作用对季风区甚至全球的气候变化都有非常显著的影响。文中根据国内外相关研究,重点分析和评述了在亚洲—太平洋季风区中4种季节内时间尺度的遥相关关系,清楚地揭示了印度夏季风、东亚夏季风和西北太平洋夏季风之间的相互作用。研究发现:(1) 在亚洲季风爆发初期,印度夏季风的爆发相对于中国长江流域梅雨的开始存在相差大约两周的超前关系,形成从印度西南部经孟加拉湾到达中国长江流域及日本南部的遥相关型,即“南支”遥相关型。(2) 在季风盛行期间,长江流域降水明显受热带西北太平洋夏季风的影响,与西北太平洋夏季风降水呈反相关关系,即当季风减弱时,长江流域夏季降水偏多。(3) 与长江流域降水相反,华北雨季(7月第4候—8月第3候)则与西北太平洋夏季风降水呈正相关关系,当西北太平洋夏季风强时,西太平洋副热带高压异常偏北偏东,副高西南侧的异常东南水汽输送在中国华北地区上空辐合,给该地区降水偏多提供了充足的水汽条件。(4) 华北夏季降水同时还与印度夏季风呈正相关关系,在夏季风盛行期间,形成由印度西北部经青藏高原到中国华北地区的西南—东北走向的遥相关型,即“北支”遥相关型。 上述4种遥相关关系,反映了亚洲夏季风季节北推过程中,印度夏季风、东亚夏季风和西北太平洋夏季风子系统之间的关联。

     

    Abstract: The interactions among the Asian-Pacific monsoon subsystems have significant impacts on the climatic regimes in the monsoon region and even the whole world. Based on the domestic and foreign related research, an analysis is made of four different teleconnection modes found in the Asian-Pacific monsoon region, which reveal clearly the interactions among the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), and the western North Pacific Summer monsoon (WNPSM). The results show that: (1) In the period of the Asian monsoon onset, the date of ISM onset is two weeks earlier than the beginning of the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Basin, and a teleconnection mode is set up from the southwestern India via the Bay of Bengal (BOB) to the Yangtze River Basin and southern Japan, i.e., the “southern" teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon. (2) In the Asian monsoon culmination period, the precipitation of the Yangtze River Basin is influenced significantly by the WNPSM through their teleconnection relationship, and is negatively related to the WNPSM rainfall, that is, when the WNPSM is weaker than normal, the precipitation of the Yangtze River Basin is more than normal. (3) In contrast to the rainfall over the Yangtze River Basin, the precipitation of northern China (from the 4th pentad of July to the 3rd pentad of August) is positively related to the WNPSM. When the WNPSM is stronger than normal, the position of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) becomes farther northeast than normal, the anomalous northeastward water vapor transport along the southwestern flank of WPSH is converged over northern China, providing adequate moisture for more rainfalls than normal there. (4) The summer rainfall in northern China has also a positive correlation with the ISM. During the peak period of ISM, a teleconnection pattern is formed from Northwest India via the Tibetan Plateau to northern China, i.e., the “northern" teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon. The above four kinds of teleconnections reflect the links among the Asian monsoon subsystems of ISM, EASM, and WNPSM during the northward advancing march of the Asian summer monsoons.

     

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