Abstract: The surface thermal anomalies(STA)in the large orography have important influences on the climate.Previous studies were focused on the effects of the S'hA in the'hibetan Plateau on the weather and climate in China with less attention paid to the connection between the STA in the Iran Plateau and the precipitation in the arid regions,especially in Xinjiang.In this paper, we give preliminary results of the relationship between the STA in the'hibetan Plateau and Iran Plateau and summer rainfall in North Xinjiang.By use of the NC EP/NC AR rcanalysis monthly mean data and the precipitation data at the 43 stations in North Xinjiang, the relationships between the anomalies of surface sensible heat in the Tibetan Plateau and Iran Plateau and the summcrtime precipitation in North Xinjiang were analyzed.Icy Singular Value Decomposition CSVIO method,they were found that the sen a negative correlation with sible heat in the Tibetan Plateau has summcrtime precipitation in North Xinjiang,and it in the Iran Plateau has a positive correlation with summertime precipitation.The anomaly contrast of surface sensible heat between the Tibetan Plateau and the Iran Plateau has a closer relation than that in any single region with summertime precipitation in North Xinjiang.Therefore,an index is defined to reflect the intensity of the large-scale thermal contrast between the two plateaus.By correlation analysis,it were found that when the strong sensible heat in the Iran Plateau and weak sensible heat in the Tibetan Plateau in May occurred,there were an anomalous cyclone over C entral Asia and an anomalous anticyclone over the Baikal Lakc at 500 hPa respectively, which resulted in the anomalous south wind prevailing and was favorable to the warm-wet air moving from the low latitude regions.In addition,the transportation of water vapor by the Somalia jet stream was unusually strong, passing over the Equator, and at the same time the Arabian Sca is controlled by anomalous anticyclone circulation,driving the water vapor to be transferred continuously to the Central Asia and Xinjiang.Above all were contributed to the occurrence of more summer precipitation in North Xinjiang, and vice versa.Further analysis found that the thermal anomalies in the Tibetan Plateau have closer relations with the mid-upper troposphere circulations,but the thermal anomalies in the Iran Plateau have closer relations with the water vapor flux.