Abstract:
Ice crystal habits, distribution and growth process in the two cases of stratiform clouds with embedded convection on 18 April 2009 and 1 May 2009 are analyzed with the data observed during the Beijing Cloud Experiment (BCE). The results show that ice crystal habits in clouds with temperature between 0—-16℃ were predominantly of plate, needle-column, capped-column and dendrite type, as well as irregular. Ice crystal habits were affected by the cloud top temperature (CTT) and were different with the change of CTT. Plate and needle-columns were predominant habits as CTT warmer than -8℃, but dendritic and capped-column crystals were observed just as CTT colder than-13℃ and -18℃, respectively. At the same time, ice crystal habits were also affected by their locations in cloud, and there were a lot of heavy rimed crystals in embedded convective regions. Above the melting layer, ice particle grew mainly by the deposition, riming and aggregation process, and the riming process became more intense in a lower cloud layer due to the increase of supercooled liquid water content. The broadening rate of Particle Size Distributions (PSDs) is obviously different between embedded convections and stratiform clouds in the vertical direction. For example, at levels 4.8—4.2 km (-11.6—-8℃), the PSDs broadening rate in embedded convections is 3 mm/km, and smaller than 3.67 mm/km in stratiform clouds, but at levels 4.2—3.6 km (-8—-5℃), the PSDs broadening rate in embedded convections is 6.67 mm/km, which was almost three times as big as 2.33 mm/km in stratiform clouds. This is mainly due to that embedded convections had more supercooled liquid water than stratiform clouds at levels 4.2—3.6 km.