Abstract: By analyzing the monthly mean gauge precipitation data from the 160 stations in China during 1952-2013, this paper reveals a significant rhythm phenomenon in winter and summer precipitations in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. That is, if in winter there is less (more) precipitation than the normal over this region, precipitation in the following summer tends to be less (more) as well. Such a phenomenon is referred to as dry/wet rhythms. It is showed that the atmospheric circulation anomalies between dry and wet rhythm years are basically contrary to each other over the East Asia-Northwest Pacific region. For example, in the winters of wet rhythm years, 500 hPa height anomalies are mainly negative in the continental China, but positive in its east ocean, which yields that eastern South China is mainly dominated by southerly anomalies, and thus the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin tends to be more rainy. In the following summers, the western North Pacific subtropical high is preferentially intensified, which tends to induce anomalous southerly wind and hence increase precipitation in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. The results further indicate that the winter-summer dry/wet rhythms are intimately associated with intensity of the winter and summer monsoon activities in East Asia; i.e., the wet rhythms usually correspond to both weaker winter and summer monsoons, while the dry rhythms to both stronger winter and summer monsoons.