Abstract:
Based on multiple reanalysis datasets, this study diagnoses the spatial and temporal variations of the tropopause and the stratosphere-troposphere dynamical exchanges across the global subtropics to reveal some characteristics of the stratosphere-troposphere coupling over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the East Asian region. Results show that, comparing with that over the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific region in the subtropics, the tropopause over the TP and the Iranian Plateau (IP) demonstrates a much stronger seasonal variability. The steep tropopause-breaking-zone is located over the plateau in the winter, and shifts to the north of the plateau in the summer because the tropopause over the plateaus gets remarkably uplifted beyond 100 hPa and even becomes the highest ridge across the globe. The strong convective heating over the TP and the strong adiabatic heating over the IP in the summer are respectively responsible for the much warmer atmospheric columns above the plateaus. More importantly, the concave-down isentropic surfaces over the plateaus caused by the warmer temperature are accompanied with remarkable uplifting of the potential vorticity (PV) surfaces. Isentropic surfaces and PV surfaces intersect almost orthogonally over the plateaus in the summer. This characteristic distribution of isentropic surfaces and PV surfaces over the TP and IP is related to a significant PV transport from the extra-tropical stratosphere to the lower-latitude troposphere along the north-south tilted isentropic surfaces on the eastern flank of the TP. With the establishment of the South Asia High (SAH) over the TP in the summer, prevailing northerly winds over areas to the east of the SAH are favorable for the transport of PV. Moreover, the occurrence, development and disappearance of the meridional PV transport in this region are closely synchronized with that of the monsoonal precipitation. This clearly suggests that stratosphere-troposphere dynamical interactions have played an important role in the impact of the TP on the formation of the specific climate pattern and seasonal climate variation in East Asia.