热带平流层多尺度波动分离方案的研究:多站点高分辨率无线电探空联合分析

Separation of planetary and gravity waves in the tropical stratosphere with multi-station radiosonde data

  • 摘要: 利用太平洋地区台风过境期间6个热带气象站的高分辨率无线电探空资料,结合扩展经验正交函数(EEOF)展开,对热带下平流层行星波和重力波扰动进行了分离,给出了一种热带地区提取重力波扰动的新方案。对观测数据做EEOF展开后,选择表征行星尺度波动模态的特征向量和相应权重进行气象要素场的重建。结果显示,在不同的台风过程期间,温度、纬向风和经向风的重建扰动量显示出不同的动力学偏振关系:在准两年振荡(QBO)东风位相时与赤道开尔文波的偏振关系一致,而在准两年振荡西风位相时与混合罗斯贝-重力波(MRG)的偏振关系一致。把行星尺度波动模态从原始观测中剔除,得到新的扰动廓线,对其进行重力波垂直波数谱的谱型拟合。结果发现,与以往方法提取的重力波扰动相比,新方法所得谱型参数中特征垂直波长λ*在不同时期不同站点变化很小,稳定在1.7 km左右,且低频波数段谱斜率s的数值与理论假设1十分接近。综合其研究结果可以推测,用新方法提取的热带重力波扰动更加符合当前的理论垂直波数谱模型。

     

    Abstract: A new method extracting gravity wave signals is investigated using typhoon data collected at six radiosonde stations. The extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) analysis is applied to the dataset, and the eigenvectors and their corresponding weights that represent planetary-scale wave modes are chosen to reconstruct the meteorological field. The reconstruction results indicate that polarization relationships between any two variables of temperature, zonal wind and meridional wind are different during different typhoon periods, i.e., the relationship is the same as that of Kelvin waves in easterly equatorial zonal winds, whereas it is the same as that of mixed Rossby-gravity waves in westerly equatorial zonal winds. New gravity wave signals are obtained by removing planetary-scale wave modes from the original data. Characteristic wavelength (λ*) and spectra slope (s) for low frequency waves are calculated by fitting the vertical wavenumber spectrum. The obtained λ* and s are approximately 1.7 km and 1, respectively, which are stable during different time periods and at different stations. Results of the present study indicate that gravity wave signals extracted using the method discussed here are consistent with results of the theoretical model of vertical wavenumber spectrum.

     

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