Abstract: Based on homogenized radiosonde temperature data during 1958-2017 collected at 118 stations and satellite MSU temperature during 1979-2017, long-term trends of radiosonde temperature, its seasonality and regional features, and uncertainties in the homogenization of radiosonde temperature and their impact on trends in recent 60 years over China have been assessed. The results show that during 1958-2017, the radiosonde temperature averaged over China tends to increase in the troposphere with the maximum warming trend occurring at 300 hPa, whereas the temperature decreases in the lower stratosphere with a cooling trend at 100 hPa. The upper tropospheric warming trend in winter and the lower stratospheric cooling trend in summer are more robust. During 1979-2017, the warming trend in the troposphere is stronger and the cooling trend in the lower stratosphere is weaker. The warming trend in the upper troposphere is more significant over the Tibetan Plateau and northwestern China. By comparing with satellite MSU temperature and radiosonde temperature at neighboring stations, and considering the differences between daytime and nighttime, the residual inhomogeneity in radiosonde temperature has been detected. Due to the limitation of the reference data, the homogenization has not completely eliminated the influence of systematic decrease of temperatures in the upper and middle troposphere and lower stratosphere caused by radiosonde system changes in the 2000s. Therefore, the tropospheric warming trend is underestimated and the cooling trend in the lower stratospheric is overestimated over China. Future efforts are needed to apply satellite MSU temperature data and the time series from neighboring stations to adjust the sequence of reference data and add reasonableness tests at individual stations over China to further improve the homogenization.