2019年8月16日诸城超级单体风暴双偏振参量结构特征分析

Analysis of polarimetric signatures in the supercell thunderstorm occurred in Zhucheng on 16 August 2019

  • 摘要: 利用青岛S波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达探测资料和常规气象观测资料以及区域自动气象站观测资料,对2019年8月16日发生在山东省诸城市的一次长寿命超级单体风暴双偏振结构特征进行了分析。结果表明:超级单体风暴发生在东北冷涡和地面中尺度辐合线共同作用背景之下,对流有效位能偏低,但风垂直切变非常强,这种配置有利于超级单体风暴的形成与维持。诸城超级单体风暴持续3 h左右并伴有深厚持久的中气旋,旺盛阶段最强反射率因子、基于单体的垂直累积液态含水量、强中心高度和单体顶部高度平均分别为74.1 dBz、67.9 kg/m2、6.3 km和11.3 km。对偏振特征分析表明,风暴低层60 dBz以上回波区对应偏小的差分反射率(Zdr)、小的相关系数(CC)和大的差分相移率(Kdp),湿(或干)冰雹和液态雨滴共存。此外,低层入流缺口附近有明显Zdr弧存在。风暴中层强上升气流区内有明显的有界弱回波区,其顶部达到7 km左右。有界弱回波区内相关系数较小,其周围有明显的Zdr环和CC环,Zdr环顶部达到−10℃层高度。0℃层高度之上存在深厚的Zdr柱和Kdp柱,顶部都达到−20℃层高度,Zdr柱位于有界弱回波区东侧,Kdp柱位于西侧。−10—−20℃层,Zdr柱对应强的水平极化反射率因子(35—60 dBz)和小的差分相移率,表明含有少数偏大的液态或湿冰粒子,而Kdp柱对应更强的水平极化反射率因子(55—72 dBz)和小的差分反射率,表明含有一定数量的小的液态或(和)湿冰粒子及大的冰雹粒子。风暴低层强反射率核后侧径向上如果出现显著差分反射率负值区,可作为特大冰雹(直径≥50 mm)的识别依据;如果对应异常大的差分相移率,表明含有浓度较高的雨滴和包有水膜的冰雹粒子。

     

    Abstract: Using Qingdao dual-polarization CINRAD/SA data, conventional observation data and regional automatic station meteorological data, the polarimetric radar signatures of a supercell storm occurred in Zhucheng, Shandong Province on 16 August 2019 are analyzed. The results show that the supercell storm occurred under the background of interaction between the northeast cold vortex and a surface mesoscale convergence line. The CAPE was small, but the vertical wind shear between 0 and 6 km altitude was very strong. This configuration was conducive to the formation and maintenance of supercell storms. The average values of DBZM, C-VIL, HT and TOP of Zhucheng supercell storm, which lasted about 3 hours and accompanied by a deep and persistent mesocyclone, were 74.1 dBz, 67.9 kg/m2, 6.3 km and 11.3 km respectively in its mature stage. The echo area with reflectivity above 60 dBz in lower levels of the storm had small Zdr and CC but large Kdp, indicating that a certain number of wet (or dry) hails and liquid raindrops existed at the same time. In addition, obvious Zdr arcs near the inflow gap in lower levels of the storm were found. The bounded weak echo region (BWER) was detected in the strong updraft area located in middle levels of the storm, and the top of BWER reached about 7 km. Zdr and CC rings around the BWER were observed in middle levels, and the top of Zdr ring reached the −10℃ layer height. The deep Zdr and Kdp columns above the 0℃ layer were observed in the vicinity of the main rotating updraft with their tops reaching the height of −20℃ layer. The Zdr column was located to the east of the BWER and the Kdp column was located to the west of the BWER. The Zdr column between −10℃ and −20℃ layer corresponded to strong Zh (35—60 dBz) and small Kdp, indicating that there were a few large liquid and/or wet ice particles. The Kdp column corresponded to strong Zh (55—72 dBz) and small Zdr, indicating that there were a number of small liquid and/or small wet ice particles and large ice particles. Significant negative Zdr values in the radial direction behind the strong reflectivity core at lower levels of the storm can be used as signals for identification of extremely large hails (diameter ≥50 mm). The strong reflectivity core at lower levels of the storm corresponded to an abnormally large Kdp value, indicating that it contained hail particles covered by water film and high concentration of liquid raindrops.

     

/

返回文章
返回