中国不适环境温度对人群死亡影响的疾病负担分析和健康经济学评价

Mortality burden and related health economic assessment of non-optimal ambient temperature in China

  • 摘要: 气候变化对人群健康的影响不断加剧,亟待评价不适环境温度对健康的不良影响,量化与温度相关的死亡负担和对应的健康经济损失。本研究基于2013年1月1日至2015年12月31日中国272个主要城市的气温和人口死亡数据,采用时间序列方法建立温度与死亡的暴露-反应关系。同时,收集2020年中国大陆364个城市的气象、社会经济和人口数据,进一步估算31个省、自治区、直辖市低温和高温暴露的归因死亡人数和经济损失。结果表明,环境温度与死亡的暴露-反应关系近似呈反“J”型,环境低温和高温暴露均可引起死亡风险升高。2020年环境低温和高温暴露分别导致中国大陆84.24(95%置信区间(95%CI):65.93—102.20)万例和23.58(95%CI:14.69—32.17)万例死亡;相应健康的经济损失分别为17011.08(95%CI:13353.51—20597.72)亿元和5097.35(95%CI:3179.66—6945.93)亿元,共占国内生产总值(GDP)的2.18%。不适环境温度暴露已对中国造成了较大的死亡负担和健康经济损失。未来还需加强行动应对气候变化和不适环境温度的健康威胁,因地制宜采取适应措施保护人群健康。

     

    Abstract: With the increasing impact of climate change on public health, there is an urgent need to evaluate the detrimental effect of non-optimal ambient temperature on health and quantify the temperature-related mortality and corresponding economic losses. Based on the national database of weather conditions and mortality records in 272 main cities in China from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015, time-series analyses are conducted to estimate the exposure-response association between temperature and mortality. Besides, meteorological, socioeconomic, and demographic data for cities across China are collected to quantify the attributable deaths and corresponding economic losses due to low and high temperatures in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities of China. The exposure-response curve for the association between ambient temperature and mortality is J-shaped, with increased mortality risks for both low and high temperatures. As estimated, 842.4 (95%CI: 659.3—1022.0) thousand and 235.8 (95%CI: 146.9—321.7) thousand deaths are attributable to low and high temperatures in 2020 in China, respectively. The corresponding economic losses are 1701.11 (95%CI: 1335.35—2059.77) billion and 509.74 (95%CI: 317.97—694.59) billion Chinese yuan, respectively. The proportion of the overall economic loss to the gross domestic product (GDP) is 2.18%. Non-optimal ambient temperature exposure has led to substantial mortality and economic loss in China. It is necessary to strengthen actions to deal with the health threats of climate change and non-optimal ambient temperature, and local adaptation measures should be taken to protect public health in the future.

     

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