一种基于集合数值预报产品的台风强度订正方法

A typhoon intensity correction method based on ensemble numerical forecast products

  • 摘要: 相对于台风路径预报,数值模式对于台风强度的预报能力仍有较大不足。为进一步降低台风强度预报误差,提升防台减灾能力,利用2018—2019年ECMWF集合预报数据,在偏相关分析及共线性检验的基础上建立了由台风初始强度、初始场误差项、集合平均变化项以及集合离散度项构成的西北太平洋台风强度预报方程。利用2020年数据进行预报效果的对比检验得出以下结论:由预报方程得到台风强度的预报误差在各预报时效均小于集合预报中不同统计量的预报产品,其中,24 h预报的均方根误差较ECMWF集合预报最大值、平均值分别减少34.36%和14.58%,较确定性模式预报减小20.38%。72 h预报较集合平均及最大值的均方根误差分别减小25.68%和12.91%,较确定性模式预报减小11.13%。在台风个例的对比分析中,预报方程的预报效果同样优于ECMWF集合预报及确定性模式预报,与实况最为接近,且在快速增强的台风预报中有更好的表现。基于集合预报的台风强度预报方程能够定量地从集合预报中提取关键信息生成更为准确的预报结果,可以为西北太平洋台风强度预报提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Compared with the forecast of typhoon track, numerical models lack the ability to forecast typhoon intensity. To further reduce errors in typhoon intensity forecast and improve the mitigation ability of typhoon, an equation of the typhoon intensity in the Northwest Pacific that consists of typhoon initial intensity, initial field error term, change of ensemble mean term and dispersion term has been established using the ECMWF ensemble forecast data from 2018 to 2019. Partial correlation analysis and collinearity test are applied. The 2020 data are used to compare and test the forecast effects. Conclusions are as follows. The prediction error of typhoon intensity calculated by the prediction equation is always less than that of various statistics in the ensemble prediction in each prediction time. Among them, the RMSR of 24 hour prediction is lower than the maximum, the ensemble mean prediction and the deterministic model forecast by 34.36%, 14.58% and 20.38%, respectively. Also, the RMSE of 72 hour prediction is lower than the maximum, the ensemble mean prediction and the deterministic model forecast by 25.68%, 12.91% and 11.13%, respectively. In the comparative case analysis of typhoon, the prediction effect of the revised forecast is also better than the ECMWF ensemble forecast and deterministic model forecast, which is the closest to the reality, and can perform better in the forecast of rapidly enhancing typhoon. The prediction equation of typhoon intensity based on ensemble forecast can quantitatively extract key information from ensemble forecast and generate more accurate prediction, which provides a reference for typhoon forecast in the Northwest Pacific.

     

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