一次强对流过程中两种不同类型风暴导致的极端对流大风分析

Analysis of extreme convective gusts caused by two types of weather storms during a strong convection event

  • 摘要: 利用多源观测资料,对2021年4月30日发生在黄淮地区的一次强对流过程中由不同类型风暴系统造成的极端对流大风进行了探讨。研究表明,此次强对流过程发生在东北冷涡背景下的强风垂直切变和层结不稳定环境中,地面气旋及锋面触发了初始对流,在之后近10 h的传播过程中经历了组织化发展、孤立风暴新生、发展、合并与重组等不同阶段。期间,由两种不同类型风暴产生了特征相异的对流性大风:第一阶段,以江苏淮安站为代表,苏中极端对流性大风(36.2 m/s)是由发展强烈的超级单体风暴引发下击暴流所致。对流风暴低层呈现出明显的钩状回波特征,对应深厚的具有显著气旋性旋转的中气旋,在地面极端大风临近时刻,中气旋存在同时向上和向下拉伸、水平尺度快速收缩过程。贯穿整个风暴的下沉气流位于风暴钩状回波后侧,这支强下沉气流至地面附近迅速向外辐散,伴随风暴内强反射率核快速下降,导致淮安产生时、空尺度小且空间分布显著不连续的极端大风。第二阶段,以江苏南通地区为代表,苏东南地区极端大风的发展过程涉及多尺度天气系统的相互作用。线状对流系统前部存在明显的阵风锋,造成较大范围10级以上的地面大风;南通通州湾极端大风(47.9 m/s)发生在阵风锋后侧,其形成一方面是由于线形对流风暴造成的强冷池与地面冷锋相叠加,形成更强的气压梯度,另一方面与地面中尺度气旋入海过程中的快速发展以及风暴后侧倾斜向前的下沉气流导致的高空风动量下传有关。

     

    Abstract: Based on multi-source observational data, the extreme convective gale caused by two different types of storms during a severe convective process in Huang-Huai region on 30 April 2021 is discussed. Results indicate that the severe convective process occurred under the background of the Northeast Cold Vortex with strong vertical wind shear and stratification instability. The initial convective activities were triggered by a surface cyclone and associated front and developed rapidly. The convective systems went through different evolution stages such as organization, movement, initiation and explosive development of isolated storm cells, and merge and reorganization in the subsequent 10 hours of propagation process, during which different characteristics of convective winds were caused by two different types of storms. Represented by Huai'an station, extreme convective winds (36.2 m/s) occurred in central Jiangsu due to the downburst caused by a strong supercell storm. An obvious hook echo structure occurred in the lower layer of the storm, corresponding to the deep mesocyclone with strong cyclonic rotation. As the extreme wind occurred, the mesocyclone stretched upward and downward simultaneously, accompanied by a horizontal rapid contraction process. The downdraft throughout the whole storm was located at the back of the hook structure of the storm, and the strong downdraft diverged outward rapidly near the ground, accompanied by a rapid drop of the strong reflectivity core in the storm. This resulted in extreme winds on small spatial-temporal scale and significantly discontinuous spatial distribution in Huai'an. Represented by Nantong area, the development of extreme winds in southeastern Jingsu involved interactions between multi-scale weather systems. An obvious gust front developed at the front of the linear convective system, resulting in large area of surface gales above Grade 10. The extreme gale in Tongzhou bay of Nantong (47.9 m/s) occurred at the back of the gust front, which was caused by the superposition effect of multi-scale systems, including the strong cold pool induced by the linear convective storm and the surface cold front, the rapid development of the surface cyclone that entered the sea and the downdraft in the rear of the storm with downward transfer of upper wind momentum.

     

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