全球集合预报位温系统偏差和随机误差结合的模式倾向扰动方法

A model tendency perturbation method that combines systematic bias of potential temperature and random errors in global ensemble prediction

  • 摘要: 传统集合预报模式扰动方法通常用来描述物理过程随机误差,但模式不可避免会存在系统偏差,为了减少模式系统偏差对集合预报的影响,利用中国气象局全球集合预报系统(CMA-GEPS),通过经验正交函数(Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF)分解方法获得系统偏差倾向,在积分过程中将系统偏差倾向扣除法与传统的随机物理倾向扰动法(Stochastically Perturbed Parameterization Tendency,SPPT)相结合,构建了全球集合预报系统偏差和随机误差结合的模式倾向扰动方法(Bias correction of bias tendency based on SPPT,SPPT-B),设计并开展了集合预报试验来探究该方法对全球集合预报的影响。结果显示:(1)经验正交函数分解的第一模态能较好地体现系统偏差的主要特征,即随预报时效线性增长、对流层高层的系统偏差比中、低层大。(2)系统偏差倾向扣除法和SPPT-B方法均可以有效降低南、北半球和热带地区高层和低层的系统偏差,且SPPT-B方法能明显改善热带地区集合离散度。(3)两套方案对对流层高层的集合预报技巧改进效果优于低层。SPPT-B能有效提高全球集合预报技巧,为发展同时考虑系统偏差和随机误差的全球集合预报模式扰动方法提供了科学依据。

     

    Abstract: The traditional model perturbation method of ensemble prediction is usually used to describe random errors of physical processes, but the model inevitably has systematic bias. Therefore, in order to reduce the impact of systematic bias on ensemble prediction, the CMA-GEPS is employed to obtain systematic bias tendency using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. In the integration process, the systematic bias correction method and the traditional Stochastically Perturbed Parameterization Tendency (SPPT) are combined to build a model perturbation method (Bias correction of bias tendency based on SPPT, SPPT-B) that combines systematic bias and random errors of ensemble forecast. Ensemble forecasting experiments are designed and carried out to explore the impact of SPPT-B on global ensemble forecasting. The conclusions are as follow: (1) The first EOF mode of the systematic bias can reflect the main characteristics of the systematic bias well. It shows that basically the systematic bias in the upper troposphere is larger than that in the middle and lower troposphere and increases linearly with forecast lead time. (2) The systematic bias correction method and SPPT-B can effectively reduce the systematic bias in upper and lower levels in the southern and northern Hemispheres and in the tropics, and SPPT-B can significantly improve Spread in the tropics. (3) The effect of the two schemes on the improvement of ensemble prediction skill in the upper troposphere is better than that in the lower troposphere. The above results indicate that the model perturbation method that considers both systematic bias and random errors can effectively improve global ensemble forecasting skill, and can provide a scientific basis for the development of global ensemble forecasting model perturbation method considering both systematic bias and random errors.

     

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