多源星载微波传感器在台风“小犬”强度和风场结构分析中的应用研究

Application of multi-source spaceborne microwave sensors observations in the analysis of intensity and wind structure of typhoon Koinu

  • 摘要: 星载微波传感器可以穿透云雾对海面10 m高度风场进行全天时、全天候和大范围的直接观测,这为台风强度和风场结构的变化监测提供了契机。以2023年超强台风“小犬”为研究对象,基于主动式星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)和被动式微波辐射计提供的长时序观测资料,在风暴生命周期内对台风强度、最大风速半径(RMW)和风圈半径等信息进行识别,并利用国际气候管理最佳轨迹档案(IBTrACS)数据集和国家气象中心(NMC)实况资料进行验证。结果表明,利用星载微波传感器提取的台风强度与IBTrACS记录强度具有较好的一致性,两者均方根误差(RMSE)为3.8 m/s,相关系数达0.91。同样地,基于卫星提取的RMW与IBTrACS资料也具有较好的一致性,两者RMSE为6.12 km。对于风圈半径,卫星提取的7级(R7)、10级(R10)和12级(R12)风圈半径和NMC实况资料的RMSE分别为102、43和35 km。对于台风“小犬”这类具有长生命期的风暴,利用主动式星载SAR和被动式辐射计资料进行多时段联合观测,可为精细化台风风场监测及其强度和结构的变化研究提供重要数据支撑。

     

    Abstract: Spaceborne microwave sensors can penetrate clouds and fog to directly measure 10 m ocean sea surface wind in any weather condition and at any time with a wide swath. These advantages provide an opportunity for monitoring the variation of typhoon intensity and wind field structure. Taking super typhoon Koinu (2023) as the research object, this paper estimates the typhoon intensity, radius of maximum wind (RMW) and wind radii from the long time series of measurements of active spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and passive microwave radiometer. The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) data and National Meteorological Center (NMC) real time meteorological data are used to validate our retrieval results. The results indicate that typhoon intensities estimated from observations of spaceborne microwave sensors are in better agreement with IBTrACS reports with the high correlation of 0.91 and RMSE of 3.8 m/s. Similarly, satellite-estimated RMW is in good agreement with IBTrACS data with the RMSE of 6.12 km. For wind radii, the RMSEs between satellite-estimated and NMC data are 102 km (R7, radius of moderate gale), 43 km (R10, radius of whole wind) and 35 km (R12, radius of hurricane wind), respectively. Moreover, for a TC with a long lifecycle such as typhoon Koinu (2023), we demonstrate that multitemporal synergistic observations from SAR and radiometers could provide valuable data support for studying fine-scale features of the wind field and the evolution of typhoon intensity and wind structure.

     

/

返回文章
返回