中国中东部区域本底站气溶胶质量浓度观测空间代表性评估

Analysis of the spatial representativeness of aerosol mass concentration observations at regional background stations in the center and east of China

    摘要
  • 摘要: 采用国家地球系统科学数据中心发布的2010—2021年中国高分辨率高质量近地表空气污染物数据集PM2.5质量浓度产品，对中国中东部4个区域本底站气溶胶质量浓度观测空间代表性进行评估。在使用区域本底站观测数据对数据集检验的基础上，将数据分为3组（2010—2013年、2014—2017年、2018—2021年），采用浓度相似度函数方法，对金沙、临安、上甸子和龙凤山站PM2.5质量浓度观测空间代表性进行评估。统计了代表性面积平均值、代表性相同的区域面积（即共同面积）和代表性区域的持续性指数。主要结论如下：（1）质量浓度相对差异阈值标准取20%时，龙凤山站PM2.5日均值的代表性面积平均值最大（22378 km2），其次是金沙站（14490 km2），临安站（9841 km2）和上甸子站（7998 km2）较小。共同面积中龙凤山站最大（18378 km2），其次是金沙站（11915 km2），上甸子站（5687 km2）和临安站（5476 km2）较小。持续性结果显示金沙和龙凤山站代表性区域的持续性高，临安和上甸子站持续性一般，4个站2018—2021年的代表性面积比2014—2017年有增大趋势。（2）日均值质量浓度相对差异阈值标准为40%及以上时，4个区域本底站的平均（共同）代表性面积可达到中国生态环境部规定的空气质量区域本底观测站的代表性面积。（3）采用PM2.5年均值评估的代表性面积、共同面积和持续性均好于采用日均值的评估结果。

     

    Abstract: The spatial representativeness (SR) of aerosol mass concentration observations collected at regional background stations in central and eastern China is assessed using the PM2.5 product from 2010 to 2021, which is extracted from a series of high-resolution and high-quality datasets of ground-level air pollutants over China. The quality and reliability of the dataset are evaluated using observations at the background stations. Specifically, the SR of PM2.5 at Jinsha (JSA), Lin'an (LAN), Shangdianzi (SDZ) and Longfengshan (LFS) regional background stations in central and eastern China are assessed. The Concentration Similarity Function (CSF) is applied to calculate the average, the intersection/common and the persistence indexes of the SR area at the four stations and the 12-year study period is divided into three continuous stages (2010—2013, 2014—2017, 2018—2021). Main conclusions are as follows. (1) With the mass concentration relative difference threshold 20%, LFS station has the largest average SR area of 22378 km2, followed by JSA (14490 km2), and LAN (9841 km2) and SDZ (7998 km2) using daily average PM2.5 product. As for the intersection/common SR area, LFS station has the largest area (18378 km2), followed by JSA (11915 km2), while SDZ station (5687 km2) and LAN (5476 km2) have relatively small areas. The persistence index of the SR area at JSA and LFS is larger than that at LAN and SDZ. The SR area during 2018—2021 is larger than that during 2014—2017 at the four regional background stations. (2) For the average (intersection/common ) area to satisfy the SR area for the air quality regional background stations specified by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the People's Republic of China (i.e. with the radius of 100 km), mass concentration relative difference threshold at the four stations should be ≥40% adopting the daily PM2.5 product. (3) The average, the intersection/common, and the persistence indexes of the SR area assessed adopting annual average PM2.5 mass concentrations are all larger or better than those assessed adopting daily average PM2.5 mass concentrations.

     

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