青藏高原地-气相互作用过程关键特征参数的卫星遥感应用研究进展

Research progress on satellite remote sensing applications of the key characteristic parameters in the land-atmosphere interaction process over the Qingzang plateau

  • 摘要: 青藏高原是世界上平均海拔最高、面积最大的高原,被誉为“亚洲水塔”和“世界第三极”,其地-气相互作用过程对高原及周边地区的天气和气候具有重要影响。然而,由于青藏高原观测站点分布相对稀疏且不均匀,定量获取其地-气相互作用过程特征参数面临极大挑战。卫星遥感能够大面积获取时、空连续的地-气相互作用过程关键变量,但受青藏高原复杂地形地貌和云层的影响,基于卫星遥感定量刻画陆地-大气能量和水分交换的时、空变化特征仍存在较大的不确定性。随着卫星遥感观测技术的突破,青藏高原地-气相互作用过程关键特征参数的卫星遥感应用研究取得了可喜进展。文中系统地总结了过去50 a青藏高原地-气相互作用过程关键特征参数的卫星遥感研究进展,分别从地-气相互作用过程特征参数的卫星遥感反演和地-气水热通量的卫星遥感估算等方面进行了归纳梳理。此外,文中还从物理模型优化、多源数据融合以及卫星遥感与数值模式的结合等方面对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

     

    Abstract: The Qingzang plateau, known as the "Third Pole of the World" and "Asian Water Tower", is the highest and largest plateau in the world. The land-atmosphere interaction process on the Qingzang plateau has a significant impact on the weather and climate of the plateau and surrounding areas. However, the distribution of observation stations on the Qingzang plateau is relatively sparse and uneven. The quantitative acquisition of the characteristics of the land-atmosphere interaction process remains a huge challenge. Satellite remote sensing can obtain spatiotemporally continuous characteristics of the land-atmosphere interaction process on a large scale. Nevertheless, due to the complex terrain and frequent cloud cover over the Qingzang plateau, there are still significant uncertainties in using remote sensing to study spatiotemporal changes in land-atmosphere energy and water exchanges. With the development of quantitative retrieval and parameterization schemes in satellite remote sensing, the application research of satellite remote sensing on the land-atmosphere interaction process in the Qingzang plateau has achieved great progress. The researches of key characteristic parameters in the land-atmosphere interaction process based on satellite remote sensing on the Qingzang plateau over the past 50 years are systematically summarized in this article, including the satellite remote sensing retrievals of land-atmosphere interaction characteristic parameters and satellite-based estimation of land-atmosphere water and heat fluxes. At the same time, future research directions are also discussed from several perspectives, including physical model optimization, multi-source data fusion, and the combination of satellite remote sensing and numerical models.

     

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