基于卫星遥感的大气污染物和温室气体排放反演

Satellite-based emission inversion for air pollutants and greenhouse gases:A review

  • 摘要: 基于卫星遥感的大气污染物和温室气体排放反演研究,为全面认识这些关键大气成分来源、精准实施减排措施提供了不可或缺的信息和数据基础。中外相关研究在过去20年中有了长足的发展,中国学者做出了重要贡献,同时也对中国环境保护和碳中和事业提供了重要的科学支撑。在中国气象学会成立100周年及《气象学报》创刊100周年之际,系统梳理了中国学者近20年来在星基排放反演方面的研究进展。首先,对常用排放反演方法进行简要总结,包括资料同化、局地质量平衡、高斯模型、二维模型、机器学习等。在此基础上,展示中国学者在氮氧化物(NOx)、氨气(NH3)、甲醛(HCHO)、乙二醛(CHOCHO)、二氧化硫(SO2)和一氧化碳(CO)等大气污染物,以及二氧化碳(CO2)和甲烷(CH4)等温室气体排放(和碳汇)反演的研究成果。最后,探讨反演方法和反演物种的历史演化进程、当前所面临的主要挑战和未来可能的发展方向,以期进一步推动大气污染物和温室气体排放的准确定量。

     

    Abstract: Retrievals of satellite-observed emissions of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases provide essential information and data for understanding the sources of these key atmospheric compositions and for implementing precise emission control measures. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the field of emission inversion, with Chinese researchers playing a substantial role. In celebration of the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Meteorological Society and Acta Meteorologica Sinica, this paper systematically reviews the advances in satellite-based emission inversion research by Chinese scientists during this period. (1) Several widely used inversion methodologies, including data assimilation, local mass balance, Gaussian models, two-dimensional (2D) models, and machine learning, are briefly summarized. (2) Emission inversion studies focusing on major atmospheric pollutants— such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO)—as well as greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), are systematically elaborated. (3) Finally, the historical evolution of inversion methods and target species, challenges in current satellite-based emission inversion, and future research directions are discussed to promote more accurate quantification of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. It is worth noting that contributions from Chinese researchers have provided critical scientific support to environmental protection and carbon neutrality efforts in China.

     

/

返回文章
返回