花卉苗木气象指数保险产品设计及实践—以广东中山市为例

Design and implementation of weather index insurance products for floriculture and nursery: A case study of Zhongshan city in Guangdong

  • 摘要: 为解决传统花卉苗木保险赔付不客观、周期长的问题,研发中山市花卉苗木气象指数保险产品并实施,以提高产业的防灾减损和灾后恢复能力。利用中山市1961—2023年国家级气象站和2011—2023年46个区域级气象站逐日气象资料、2011—2020年花卉苗木灾情资料及种植资料,遴选致灾因子、推算保险触发阈值、厘定保险费率、划分气象指数等级、分层设计保险赔付结构,研发精细到镇(街道)的中山市花卉苗木强降水和风灾气象指数保险产品并实施。结果表明:(1)花卉苗木气象指数保险产品按镇进行费率设计,根据灾害风险高低将保险费率分为8%、6%两档,可降低农业保险“基差风险”;(2)通过2021—2023年气象指数保险产品的实施和检验,精细到镇(街道)的赔付能够反映不同镇(街道)的受灾差异,与各镇(街道)实际灾损匹配度较高,体现了保险“大灾大赔、小灾小赔”的特点。中山市花卉苗木气象指数保险产品设计方法为非产量或收成来衡量损失的标的设计气象指数保险产品提供了思路。

     

    Abstract: The traditional insurance compensation of floriculture and nursery is not objective and has a long cycle. To solve this problem, meteorological index insurance products for Zhongshan floriculture and nursery plants are developed and implemented to improve the disaster prevention, reduction, and post disaster recovery capabilities. Based on daily meteorological data collected at Zhongshan national meteorological station from 1961 to 2023 and 46 regional meteorological stations from 2011 to 2023 as well as the disaster data from 2011 to 2020 and the planting scale and variety information of floriculture and nursery, meteorological index insurance products covering heavy rainfall and wind disasters have been developed and implemented through the selection of disaster-causing factors, the calculation of insurance thresholds, the determination of premium rates, the classification of meteorological index levels and the hierarchical design of compensation structure. The results are as follows. (1) Premium rate of Zhongshan floriculture and nursery meteorological index insurance products are designed according to specific situations in individual towns. The premium rate is set to 8% for towns/streets with higher disaster risks and 6% for those with lower disaster risks, which effectively reduces the "basis difference risk" problem of agricultural insurance. (2) Through implementation/verification of the 2021—2023 meteorological index insurance products, the town-level compensation accurately reflects varying degrees of disaster in different towns and matches well with actual disaster loss and reflects the characteristics of "major disaster large compensation, minor disaster small compensation" in insurance. The design method of meteorological index insurance products tailored specifically for floriculture and nursery has been explored, which can provide ideas for designing meteorological index insurance products for subjects whose losses cannot be measured by yield or harvest.

     

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