Abstract: Climate change exerts profound impacts on the real economy through both physical and transition risks, which in turn transmit these effects to the financial system, systematically influencing areas such as bank risk management, asset valuation, and insurance payouts. However, existing weather risk management tools often impose high capital costs on enterprises, while green financing instruments typically support only "pure green" or "shallow green" projects. Their environmental assessment systems frequently overlook specific climate risk exposures, making it difficult to accurately quantify the actual risk conditions of individual enterprises. The "climate loan", as an innovative tool integrating meteorological science and financial credit, aims to address the shortcomings of current climate financing mechanisms and bank risk management systems. Based on cross-sectoral meteorological and financial data, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation framework for climate-friendly enterprises across five dimensions: Meteorological disaster risk level, atmospheric self-cleaning capacity, disaster defense capability, climate feasibility assessment, and low-carbon efficiency. Using a weighted overlay method, a comprehensive risk assessment model is developed to quantify enterprises' meteorological risk exposures and climate adaptation capabilities, thereby transforming meteorological data into a basis for credit decision-making. The research demonstrates that the climate loan effectively reduces corporate financing costs by implementing differentiated credit policies for climate-friendly enterprises. The established evaluation system accurately identifies climate risks of various enterprises, guiding them to enhance disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities while strengthening their low-carbon transformation momentum. By incorporating climate resilience into the credit evaluation framework, this study expands the dimensions of bank credit risk quantification, providing a quantifiable and scalable practical pathway for climate financing. It also offers crucial policy references for building a climate-adaptive society.