积云发展问题的数值试验
A NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT OF CUMULUS DEVELOPMENT
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摘要: 本文给出了一个三维轴对称的积云发展模式,考虑了凝结对流场的反馈影响,并假定环境的温度递减率和相对湿度随高度减小。在电子计算机上求得的数值解表明:当大气中有1℃左右的温度扰动时,则在二十分钟以内就可以发展成一块5-6公里厚的积云。在积云下部形成一个变化不大的湿绝热不稳定区,流场和温度场在积云发展后期变化也不大。而在积云上部的稳定层结中,流场和温度场随时间变化则比较大,从云中下部上升的对流泡到顶部形成波动。这与观测结果是相象的。Abstract: A three-dimensional axial-symmetric model of cumulus development is here ptesented,with consideration of the effect of condensation feedback on the field of motion.A computational scheme of the system of equations concerned is given.For a case with initial temperature disturbance 1℃ and the vertical lapse rate of circumstances is slightly decreased with height,a calculation computed by the electric computer shows that a cumulus with a thickness more than 5-6 kms could be developed in about 20 minutes In the lower part of the cloud there is a moist-unstable region (a>0) which becomes quasi-steady in its intensity and size.The field of motion and that of temperature are also approximately steady in this region.But in the upper moist-stable region of the cloud,the flow and temperature fluctuate gxeaGly;in this region the connective element from the lower part of the cloud oscillates and gradually dissipates.All these characteristics are in accord with the phenomena observed in the atmosphere,i.e.the cumulus has a steady and flat base but an ever-changing top.