强对流云人工增雨和防雹原理的二维数值研究

THE 2-D NUMERICAL STUDY OF RAIN-EN-HANCEMENT AND HAIL-SUPPRESSION PRINCIPLES ON CONVECTIVE CLOUDS

摘要: 本文建立了一个二维深对流云数值模式,用该模式模拟了一个实测强对流云个例.其结果同观测相近.本文做了一系列催化数值试验,结果表明:在云发展早期播入高浓度的人工冰晶胚胎,能促使云中产生大量的大冰晶和小霰粒,它们争食液水,不易长成大雷,地面降雹动能可减少45%,但降雨量也有明显减小;减小播撒剂量,催化效果亦减小,防雹和增雨效果不明显;若在云发展早期引进浓度为100-10-1/L的小雨滴,则能明显提早和增加降水.对于不同强度的对流云,人工引晶仅对中等积云(云顶高为6-8km)的增雨效果较好.文中还比较了二维和一维的模拟结果.

Abstract: In this paper,a 2-D deep convective cloud model is presented and used to simulate a real storm case.The calculation results are agreeable with observations.Based on it,a series seeding experiments are agreeable with observaltions.Based on it,a series seeding experiments are done in order to decrease hailfall and/or enhance rainfall.The seeding results are analysed and compured with l-D simulations.