季亮, 费建芳, 黄小刚. 2010: 副热带高压对登陆台风影响的数值模拟研究. 气象学报, (1): 39-47. DOI: 10.11676/qxxb2010.005
引用本文: 季亮, 费建芳, 黄小刚. 2010: 副热带高压对登陆台风影响的数值模拟研究. 气象学报, (1): 39-47. DOI: 10.11676/qxxb2010.005
JI Liang, FEI Jianfang, HUANG Xiaogang. 2010: Numerical simulations of the effect of the subtropical high on landfalling tropical cyclones. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, (1): 39-47. DOI: 10.11676/qxxb2010.005
Citation: JI Liang, FEI Jianfang, HUANG Xiaogang. 2010: Numerical simulations of the effect of the subtropical high on landfalling tropical cyclones. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, (1): 39-47. DOI: 10.11676/qxxb2010.005

副热带高压对登陆台风影响的数值模拟研究

Numerical simulations of the effect of the subtropical high on landfalling tropical cyclones

  • 摘要: 中国登陆台风多发于夏季,尤其对于登陆后继续北上深入内陆的热带气旋,逐渐与其所处的中纬度环境场发生相互作用,强度衰减缓慢甚至再次发展,且伴随有台风动力、热力结构的转变(ET过程)。同时,夏季多伴有副热带高压的活跃与西伸趋势,然而该系统与台风之间相互作用的物理机制仍不十分清楚,这已成为提高台风预报能力的主要障碍之一。文中选取1997年第11号台风“温妮”为研究个例,通过中尺度模式MM5模拟再现了该台风登陆后经历初期减弱、变性及变性后再次发展的演变过程。采用Davis等提出的片段位涡反演方法,改变模式积分初始时刻台风东部副热带高压强度,通过数值模拟与诊断分析的方法,深入研究不同强度副热带高压系统对台风陆上维持、变性和发展的影响。研究表明,副热带高压强度的加强加快了台风中心的北移速度,冷空气提前下沉入侵台风中心,加快台风的变性,配合暖气团的强迫抬升激发强烈的对流层中高层锋生,台风变性后再次加强幅度增大。副热带高压强度的改变直接影响台风中心上空高空形势,而后者与台风强度的变化有较好的 相关性。

     

    Abstract: There are quite a number of typhoon landfalls in China in summer, and some of them go northward, weaken slowly, and then redevelop after their dynamic and thermal structures transform which is called extratropical transition, as a result of the interactions with the midlatitude systems. Meanwhile, in summer the subtropical high is active and frequently extends westwards. The physical mechanism of the interaction between the subtropical high system and the landfalling typhoon is still not very clear, which has become an obstacle to the forecast of landfalling typhoons. Typhoon Winnie (1997) was selected as an example, and we used the MM5 mode to reproduce the weakeningtransitionredeveloping process after its landfall. The piecewise PV inversion proposed by Davis et al. was used to alter the initial intensity of the subtropical high east of Winnie. Numerical experiments with different initial intensities of the subtropical high were performed to investigate the responses of landfalling typhoon Winnie. The results show that the strengthened subtropical high accelerated the northward motion of Winnie, and orrespondingly, cold air from the middleupper troposphere intruded into Winnie earlier than that in the control experiment, thus quickening the typhoon’s extratropical transition. Along with the forced rising of warm masses, intense frontogenesied appeared in the midupper troposphere, and the transformed cyclone redeveloped again. The changes in the initial intensity of the subtropical high directly altered the upper tropospheric circulation pattern over the center of the typhoon, which was found closely correlated with the intensity of the tropical cyclone.

     

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